Thus, we performed a multicomponent two-dimensional (2D) photometric decomposition of ceers-2112, assuming that its surface-brightness distribution is the sum of a double-exponential disk and a Ferrers bar (Fig. Our findings highlight prominent features in correspondence of the spiral arms and edges of the bar, which reveals that one morphological component is not enough to account for the complex structure of the galaxy (for example, twist of isophotes at small galactocentric distances and strong residuals). The first piece of evidence for the presence of a stellar bar in ceers-2112 is provided by the strong residuals obtained from modelling the galaxy with a Sérsic component (Fig. We infer that baryons in galaxies could have already dominated over dark matter at z ≈ 3, that high-redshift bars could form in approximately 400 Myr and that dynamically cold stellar disks could have been in place by redshift z = 4–5 (more than 12 Gyrs ago) 10, 11. The stellar mass ( M ★ = 3.9 × 10 9 M ⊙) and barred morphology mean that ceers-2112 can be considered a progenitor of the Milky Way 7, 8, 9, in terms of both structure and mass-assembly history in the first 2 Gyr of the Universe, and was the closest in mass in the first 4 Gyr. Here we report observations of ceers-2112, a barred spiral galaxy at redshift z phot ≈ 3, which was already mature when the Universe was only 2 Gyr old. Moreover, simulations predict bars to be almost absent beyond z = 1.5 in the progenitors of Milky Way-like galaxies 5, 6. Bars are supposed to develop in dynamically cold stellar disks at low redshift, as the strong gas turbulence typical of disk galaxies at high redshift suppresses or delays bar formation 3, 4. The majority of massive disk galaxies in the local Universe show a stellar barred structure in their central regions, including our Milky Way 1, 2. Nature volume 623, pages 499–501 ( 2023) Cite this article A Milky Way-like barred spiral galaxy at a redshift of 3
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